About

This article is about the Old World sparrows in the family Passeridae. The closely related finches of the equatorial regions and Australasia are often also classed as members of the Passeridae: for these see estrildid finch.

American sparrows are not closely related, and these are placed in the family Emberizidae along with the buntings.

Sparrows are small passerine birds. There are 35 species in the Old World sparrow family Passeridae. The differences between different species of sparrow can be very subtle; in general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or greyish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks.

Sparrows are seed-eaters, and they also consume small insects. A few species scavenge for food around cities, and like seagulls they will happily eat virtually anything in small quantities.

Old World sparrows are found naturally in Europe, Africa and Asia. There are four genera of Old World sparrows.

Species listing:

  Passer, the true sparrows
Saxaul Sparrow, Passer ammodendri
House Sparrow, Passer domesticus
Spanish Sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis
Sind Sparrow, Passer pyrrhonotus
Somali Sparrow, Passer castanopterus
Cinnamon Sparrow or Russet Sparrow, Passer rutilans
Pegu Sparrow or Plain-backed Sparrow, Passer flaveolus
Dead Sea Sparrow, Passer moabiticus
Rufous Sparrow, Passer motitensis
Socotra Sparrow, Passer insularis
Iago Sparrow or Cape Verde Sparrow, Passer iagoensis
Cape Sparrow or Mossie, Passer melanurus
Grey-headed Sparrow, Passer griseus
Swainson's Sparrow, Passer swainsonii
Parrot-billed Sparrow, Passer gongonensis
Swaheli Sparrow, Passer suahelicus
Southern Grey-headed Sparrow, Passer diffusus
Desert Sparrow, Passer simplex
Eurasian Tree Sparrow, Passer montanus
Sudan Golden Sparrow, Passer luteus
Arabian Golden Sparrow, Passer euchlorus
Chestnut Sparrow, Passer eminibey
  Petronia, the rock sparrows
Yellow-spotted Petronia, Petronia pyrgita
Chestnut-shouldered Petronia, Petronia xanthocollis
Yellow-throated Petronia, Petronia superciliaris
Bush Petronia, Petronia dentata
Rock Sparrow, Petronia petronia
  Carpospiza, Pale Rockfinch
Pale Rockfinch, Carpospiza brachydactyla
  Montifringilla, the snow finches
White-winged Snowfinch, Montifringilla nivalis
Black-winged Snowfinch, Montifringilla adamsi
White-rumped Snowfinch, Montifringilla taczanowskii
Père David's Snowfinch, Montifringilla davidiana
Rufous-necked Snowfinch, Montifringilla ruficollis
Blanford's Snowfinch, Montifringilla blanfordi
Afghan Snowfinch, Montifringilla theresae

The Hedge Sparrow or Dunnock (Prunella modularis) is a sparrow in name only, a relic of the Medieval practice by which any small bird was called "sparrow".

Sparrows are not naturally found in Australia or the Americas, but the early settlers imported them into these continents, and they quickly naturalised, particularly in urban and degraded areas. House Sparrows are now found throughout North America, in every state of Australia except for Western Australia, and over much of heavily populated parts of South America. Eurasian Tree Sparrows are also present, but unlike the House Sparrow, are not a serious pest. Eurasian Tree Sparrows occasionally arrive in Western Australia aboard cargo vessels, but so far they have been captured and removed before they could establish a breeding colony in the state.

A slang term for a sparrow is spadger.

--wikipedia.org

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